Journal title Initials Frequency DOI Online ISSN Publisher Editor in Chief Accreditation Jurnal Talenta Sipil talenta February and August 10.33087/talentasipil 2615-1634 Program Studi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Batanghari Ir. Wari Dony, ST., MT Nomor 225/E/KPT/2022 (Sinta 4) Jurnal Talenta sipil is an open access peer-reviewed journal that aims to share and discuss issues and research results. This journal is published by Program Studi Teknik Sipil Universitas Batanghari. This journal publishes scientific articles on research results and reviews covering the fields of civil engineering building, construction and architecture, engineering, industrial and manufacturing engineering, material science and nanotechnology. This journal is published twice a year, in February and August. Jurnal Talenta Sipil is published media for research results of engineering field. These results are published in such an original scientific article and a review. Submitted manuscript must be original, no plagiarism and unpublished. Manuscript is submitted online via Open Journal System (OJS), must follow author guideline and writting template. All submission will be blind reviewed by qualified reviewers in their field.
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Pengaruh Pemanfaatan Semen Grouting StrongGrout G70 Sebagai Filler terhadap Karakteristik dan Durabilitas Campuran AC-WC
Transportation plays an important role in supporting mobility which is highly dependent on the quality of road pavement. Premature damage to the asphalt surface layer often occurs due to increased traffic volume, excessive loads, and low water resistance. This study aims to analyze the effect of using StrongGrout G70 grouting cement as a filler on the Marshall characteristics and durability of the Asphalt Concrete–Wearing Course (AC-WC) mixture, as well as determining the optimum filler content. The research method uses an experimental approach with variations in StrongGrout G70 content of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% of the total aggregate weight. The mixture characteristics were tested using the Marshall method, while durability was evaluated through the Residual Strength Index (RSI), First Durability Index (FDI), and Second Durability Index (IDK), according to the 2025 General Bina Marga Specifications. The test results showed that stability increased from 1351.94 kg (0%) to 1615.55 kg (2%), flow decreased from 3.10 mm to 2.50 mm, VIM decreased from 4.28% to 3.21%, VFA increased from 73.84% to 79.10%, VMA decreased from 16.20% to 15.26%, and Marshall Quotient increased from 439.26 kg/mm to 648.64 kg/mm. In durability, the IKS variation of 2% reached 96.70% (24 hours), 94.35% (36 hours), 91.54% (48 hours), 88.94% (60 hours), and 83.54% (72 hours), higher than 0% which was only 76.95% at 72 hours. The IDP value of 2% ranged from 0.14%–0.23% and the IDK Sa decreased from 98.92% to 92.43% with a strength loss of 1.08%–7.57%. The results showed that the use of StrongGrout G70 at 2% provided the best performance on the stability and durability of the AC-WC mixture.
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Model Probabilistik Penentuan Bobot Biaya Tenaga Kerja, Material, dan Peralatan pada Proyek Gedung Menggunakan Simulasi Monte Carlo
The construction industry is characterized by high cost uncertainty due to material price fluctuations, labor productivity variability, design changes, and market dynamics. At the conceptual estimating stage, project cost structures are commonly determined using deterministic approaches based on historical averages, which fail to adequately represent real-world variability. This study aims to develop a probabilistic model for determining the weight of labor, material, and equipment costs in three-story building projects using Monte Carlo simulation based on empirical data from 16 completed projects. The methodology includes descriptive statistical analysis to obtain distribution parameters, goodness-of-fit testing for selecting appropriate probability distributions, and a 1,000-iteration Monte Carlo simulation applied to a normalized composite cost structure index. The results indicate average cost proportions of 40.57% for labor, 34.53% for materials, and 11.45% for equipment, with substantial variation across projects. The simulation produced a mean composite index value of 116.98 with a P10–P90 interval ranging from 74.25 to 157.30, indicating moderate to high cost uncertainty. The proposed model is recommended as a confidence-level–based conceptual estimating baseline to enhance budget planning accuracy and cost risk management in low-rise building projects.
Simulasi dan Pemetaan Banjir 1D dan 2D di Wilayah Hilir Sub-Das Lambidaro Menggunakan HEC-RAS
Flooding is one of the most destructive natural disasters and frequently occurs in densely populated residential areas located in lowland regions. Lowland areas with high population density generally have low infiltration capacity and high surface runoff, causing flooding to occur repeatedly during rainfall events. Palembang City is predominantly situated in lowland areas and has a relatively high population density. The downstream area of the Lambidaro sub-watershed is one of the densely populated lowland regions in Palembang City, making it highly vulnerable to flooding during rainfall events with certain intensities. This study aims to simulate and map flooding in the downstream area of the Lambidaro sub-watershed using the HEC-RAS program, in which flood discharge was first analyzed using the Nakayasu Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (HSS) method. Based on the flood analysis using the Nakayasu Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (HSS) method, a simulated peak flood discharge of 57.17 m³/s was obtained from the maximum effective rainfall during the observation period from January 1, 2026 to April 9, 2026, with an effective rainfall value of 43.376 mm. In this study, rainfall data were obtained from NASA POWER Data Access Viewer (DAV) satellite data, which were utilized as satellite-based rainfall estimation data for daily hydrological analysis while considering the limitations of the data and the need for verification using local observational records. Based on the 1D and 2D simulations using the HEC-RAS program, flooding in the downstream area of the Lambidaro sub-watershed was predominantly concentrated in areas surrounding the Lambidaro River, with floodwater depths reaching up to 0.73 meters.
Determinasi Hambatan Penerapan Konsep Green Building pada Proyek Konstruksi di Indonesia Timur
Global climate change encourages the implementation of the green building concept as a strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the construction sector. However, its implementation in the Eastern Indonesia region still faces various obstacles. This study aims to analyze the influence of barrier factors on the level of barriers to the implementation of the green building concept and to identify the most dominant factor. The approach used is quantitative with an explanatory research design. Data were collected through questionnaires from 94 respondents consisting of contractors and consultants in Eastern Indonesia. The analysis was conducted using the Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method. The results show that technical, educational, economic, and technological factors have a significant effect on the level of barriers to green building implementation, while regulatory factors do not have a significant effect. The economic factor becomes the most dominant barrier, indicated by the highest path coefficient value compared to other variables. These findings indicate that the aspects of initial investment costs and limited financing remain the main considerations in the implementation of green building in the region. Academically, this study enriches the study of barriers to green building implementation in Eastern Indonesia, which is still limited, while also strengthening the use of SEM-PLS in structural model analysis in sustainable construction studies.
Pengaruh Tingkat Penambahan Fly Ash terhadap Kinerja Mekanik Beton
The increasing demand for concrete in infrastructure development leads to higher cement consumption, while cement production is a significant source of carbon dioxide emissions. The use of fly ash as a partial cement replacement offers an alternative to produce more efficient and environmentally friendly concrete. This study aims to analyze the effect of fly ash substitution on workability and compressive strength, determine the optimum technical dosage, and evaluate simple cost efficiency. The research employed a laboratory experimental method with fly ash variations of 0%, 10%, and 20% by weight of cement. Tests were conducted on slump and 14-day compressive strength using three cylindrical specimens for each variation. The 28-day compressive strength was estimated based on a 0.73 strength development factor from the 14-day results. The results show that slump decreased from 13.0 cm in normal concrete to 11.0 cm at 10% fly ash and 10.5 cm at 20% fly ash. The average 14-day compressive strengths for 0%, 10%, and 20% variations were 40.481 MPa, 40.953 MPa, and 35.858 MPa, respectively, with estimated 28-day strengths of 55.454 MPa, 56.100 MPa, and 49.120 MPa. The 10% fly ash variation produced the highest compressive strength, increasing by 1.17% compared to normal concrete. Cost analysis indicates savings of 3.60% for 10% fly ash and 7.20% for 20% fly ash. Therefore, 10% fly ash is recommended as the optimum technical proportion, while 20% fly ash is more suitable for cost efficiency but should be applied cautiously in structural applications.
Probabilistik Durasi Proyek Konstruksi Menggunakan Integrasi Critical Path Method dan Simulasi Monte Carlo pada Pembangunan Gedung Ruang Kelas Belajar MAN 4 Kampar
Construction project scheduling commonly applies a deterministic approach using the Critical Path Method (CPM) to determine critical activities and project duration. However, this approach often fails to represent the uncertainty of activity durations that frequently occur during project implementation. Such uncertainty may cause deviations from the planned schedule and increase the risk of project delays. Therefore, a probabilistic approach is required to analyze project duration variability more realistically. This study aims to analyze the probability of construction project completion time by integrating the Critical Path Method and Monte Carlo simulation. The case study was conducted on the construction project of the MAN 4 Kampar classroom building with a planned duration of 244 days. The analysis began with developing a project network and identifying the critical path using CPM. The variability of activity durations on the critical path was then modeled using a triangular probability distribution and analyzed through Monte Carlo simulation using Oracle Crystal Ball with 1000 iterations. The simulation results indicate that the project duration follows a probabilistic distribution ranging from 199.13 days to 214.99 days. The project duration at the P50 probability level is 207.58 days, while the P80 and P90 levels are 209.76 days and 210.76 days, respectively. These findings demonstrate that the probabilistic approach provides a more comprehensive representation of project duration variability compared with the deterministic approach. Therefore, the integration of CPM and Monte Carlo simulation is recommended as a probabilistic analysis method in the planning and control of construction project schedules to anticipate project duration uncertainty.
Implementasi Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) pada Pembangunan Fasilitas Sisi Udara Bandar Udara Mentawai Baru di Daerah 3T Kepulauan Mentawai
In disaster situations, airports serve as vital infrastructure for evacuation and logistics distribution due to their ability to operate quickly, safely, and relatively independently from disruptions to land and sea transportation. Limited sea and air transportation fleets in the Mentawai Islands result in minimal crossing and flight services. To address these limitations, the government developed the New Mentawai Airport as a replacement for Rokot Airport. This condition highlights the importance of evaluating project management implementation to ensure the success of airside facility development in remote and underdeveloped regions. This study aims to identify Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) factors, determine the level of PMBOK implementation, and analyze the most influential PMBOK factors affecting project success in the construction of airside facilities at New Mentawai Airport. A quantitative research approach was employed by distributing questionnaires to all personnel involved in the project, including the project owner, construction management, and contractors. The collected data were analyzed using validity and reliability tests, descriptive analysis, classical assumption tests, and regression analysis. The results indicate that thirteen PMBOK factors were implemented at a very high level, covering project integration, scope, time, cost, quality, human resources, communication, risk, procurement, occupational health and safety, environmental management, financial management, and claims management. Partially, project risk management and project cost management were identified as the most significant factors influencing project success. It is recommended that risk management and cost control be strengthened from the planning stage through project execution to improve the success of infrastructure development projects in remote areas.
Evaluasi Kapasitas Drainase di Jalan Mayjen HM Ryacudu Kota Palembang Menggunakan Pemodelan EPA SWMM
Flooding is a natural disaster that significantly disrupts human activities. The occurrence of flooding is closely related to drainage problems, as rainwater runoff requires a drainage system capable of collecting and conveying runoff water to drainage outlets. Jalan Mayjen HM Ryacudu in Palembang City frequently experiences flooding, even though the existing drainage system has an outlet that directly discharges into the Musi River. This study evaluated the drainage capacity along Jalan Mayjen HM Ryacudu due to the persistent flooding occurring in the area. The purpose of this evaluation was to determine an appropriate drainage capacity within the study area as a mitigation measure against flooding. The evaluation was conducted by simulating rainfall runoff using the EPA SWMM program. The results of the EPA SWMM modeling indicate that the existing drainage capacity is still unable to optimally accommodate and convey rainwater runoff, resulting in inundation at several locations along Jalan Mayjen HM Ryacudu. The mitigation scenario through drainage dimension optimization showed that modifying the drainage channels to a uniform size of 1.2 × 1.2 meters was able to eliminate flooding indications in the EPA SWMM simulation results.
Prediksi Progres Aktual Proyek Konstruksi pada Tahap Awal Durasi Menggunakan Earned Value Management
This study is motivated by the limitations of previous research, which has predominantly focused on project performance evaluation during the execution or completion stages, while the capability of Earned Value Management (EVM) to predict project progress in the early phase remains underexplored. The objective of this study is to analyze and predict the actual progress performance of construction projects during the early stage of project duration. The research adopts a quantitative descriptive-analytical approach by utilizing key EVM indicators, namely Planned Value (PV), Earned Value (EV), and Schedule Performance Index (SPI), along with the development of a predictive model based on cumulative average performance (SPI_avg). The study was conducted on three public building construction projects with durations ranging from 52 to 68 weeks, with evaluation points set at 10% to 50% of the total project duration. The results indicate that the accuracy of the prediction model is highly influenced by the stability of SPI values during the early stage. Projects with stable performance produce lower prediction errors (approximately 20–45%), whereas projects with high performance fluctuations exhibit significantly higher errors (greater than 60%). Projects experiencing extreme acceleration in the early phase tend to produce overestimated predictions due to bias in SPI values. This study recommends the use of more adaptive prediction models, as well as the integration of complementary methods such as Earned Schedule, to improve prediction accuracy under fluctuating project conditions.
Pengaruh Metode Analisis Stabilitas Lereng 3D terhadap Faktor Keamanan dan Kebutuhan Perkuatan pada Timbunan di Atas Tanah Lunak
Three-dimensional (3D) slope stability analysis is increasingly used in geotechnical planning because it is able to represent landslide conditions more closely than two-dimensional (2D) analysis. Differences in results between analytical methods and software have the potential to result in different reinforcement requirements. This study aims to compare the three-dimensional slope safety factor values obtained using the analytical method with the Hovland formula and Plaxis LE software and evaluate their influence on the need for geotextile reinforcement. The analysis was conducted using the three-dimensional Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) on several variations in width, height, slope, and the ratio of the length of the landslide plane to the height of the embankment. The results showed that the 3D safety factor values ranged from 0.461 to 1.512. A comparison between the safety factors obtained from the analysis and the Hovland method showed that the ratio varied between 0.256 and 1.618, indicating a considerable difference in safety factor values between the PLAXIS LE 3D results and the Hovland method. The required geotextile reinforcement ranged from 0 to 37 layers and increased with increasing ls/H values, embankment width, and embankment height. The results of the study show that the selection of the three-dimensional slope stability analysis method influences the safety factor and the need for geotextile reinforcement, so it needs to be considered in the geotechnical planning process.
Optimalisasi Waktu Proyek Pembangunan Rumah Susun dengan Metode PDM dan PERT
The construction of the Polda Kaltim apartment building requires systematic time control because the project experienced a delay from the initial contract duration of 240 calendar days. The delay was mainly caused by material distribution constraints, limited workforce availability, and the lack of optimal periodic evaluation between the planned schedule and field realization. This study aims to analyze the critical path and the probability of achieving the evaluated project duration target of 270 calendar days using the Precedence Diagram Method (PDM) and Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT). The research data were obtained through literature review, observation, interviews, project documents, and duration-estimation questionnaires completed by 30 respondents. The PDM method was used to identify activity dependencies and critical paths, while the PERT method was applied to calculate expected time, standard deviation, variance, and project completion probability. The results show that the expected project duration is 267 days with a standard deviation of 3.51 days. The evaluated target duration of 270 days has an achievement probability of 80%. In addition, 59 critical activities were used in the PERT variance calculation and require intensive monitoring. Therefore, the integration of PDM and PERT can be used as a scheduling tool to evaluate target-duration achievement, identify critical activities, and formulate more measurable project time-control strategies.
Analisis Distribusi Biaya Proyek Menggunakan Pareto Untuk Mengidentifikasi Cost Drivers pada Proyek Revitalisasi Sekolah Rawan Banjir
The revitalization of school buildings in flood-prone areas has become a significant challenge in managing educational infrastructure in Indonesia. The general problem frequently encountered is the high construction cost caused by the need to adapt buildings to flood risks, while public project budgets are required to remain efficient and accountable. In the revitalization project of SDN Sukamanah 02 Jonggol, the building’s location below the surrounding road and drainage elevation resulted in recurring flooding that damaged school facilities and disrupted educational activities. The specific problem addressed in this study is the lack of information regarding project cost distribution and dominant work items (cost drivers) contributing the largest proportion of the total revitalization cost. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the cost distribution of the SDN Sukamanah 02 revitalization project using Pareto Analysis to identify dominant work items as a basis for project cost control. This research employed a descriptive quantitative method with a case study approach. The data were obtained from the Bill of Quantities (BoQ), technical specifications, field observations, and project documentation of the SDN Sukamanah 02 revitalization project. The analysis was conducted using the Pareto method by ranking work items from the highest to the lowest cost and calculating their cumulative percentage contribution to the total project cost. The results indicate that five dominant work items, namely bitumen roof covering, soil embankment, fabricated doors and windows, granite flooring, and PVC ceiling, contributed approximately 57.9% of the total project cost. These findings demonstrate that most project costs were concentrated on environmental adaptation works and architectural components. This study recommends the application of Pareto Analysis as a basis for cost control and efficiency evaluation priorities in school revitalization projects located in flood-prone areas.
Analisis Bangkitan Pergerakan Penduduk Berdasarkan Karakteristik Rumah Tangga di Kelurahan Morokrembangan Kota Surabaya
The ongoing population growth leads to high levels of community activity and mobility, especially in densely populated urban areas. Morokrembangan Village in Surabaya City is an area with significant traffic, supported by dense settlements and strategic access via Jalan Gresik, a connecting route between Surabaya and Gresik. To date, no study has specifically identified the magnitude of population activity by household characteristics in Morokrembangan Village, nor its relationship to population movement patterns supporting daily activities. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the characteristics and population movements based on household conditions. The method used is quantitative with probability sampling and simple random sampling techniques. Data analysis was carried out using validity and reliability, correlation, multiple linear regression, coefficient of determination, F and t tests, and SPSS Statistics 26. The results showed that the number of family members, trip purpose, and trip destination significantly influence population movement. Travel activities are dominated by work purposes, with the highest travel time in the morning, and the majority of movements occur in the North Surabaya area. Regression results indicate that the number of family members, trip purpose, and trip destination have a positive direction of influence on daily household trips, with regression coefficients of 0.511, 0.857, and 0.139, respectively. These findings can inform more effective and sustainable transportation planning and infrastructure development in the region.
Analisis Koordinasi Antar Pihak pada Proyek Konstruksi Bangunan Gedung Melalui Studi Literatur
Building construction projects involve various parties with different roles, responsibilities, and interests, requiring effective coordination to achieve the established time, cost, and quality targets. The complexity of building construction projects demands the integration of various activities, resources, and decision-making processes among the parties involved. Lack of coordination can lead to various issues such as work delays, communication errors, conflicts between parties, and discrepancies between project outcomes and planning. This research aims to analyze coordination among parties in building construction projects through a literature study approach. The research method used is a literature study with a descriptive qualitative approach through the stages of problem identification, literature search, literature selection, content analysis, and synthesis of research results based on relevant national and international scientific articles. The research results show that the effectiveness of coordination is influenced by factors such as communication, information exchange, stakeholder involvement, decision-making, and information management systems. Coordination obstacles found include delayed information, lack of communication, unclear task distribution, and differing objectives among parties. This study recommends the implementation of regular coordination meetings, increased stakeholder involvement, and the application of an integrated information system to enhance the effectiveness of building construction project coordination.
Analisis Risiko Proyek Konstruksi Jalan Tol Menggunakan Metode Risk Matrix dan Relative Importance Index (RII)
Toll road construction projects are characterized by high complexity and uncertainty due to the involvement of multiple stakeholders, regulatory constraints, and dynamic site conditions, which often lead to delays and cost overruns. Despite extensive studies on construction risk, existing approaches tend to apply fragmented methods that fail to simultaneously capture risk magnitude and prioritization in an integrated manner. This study aims to develop a comprehensive risk evaluation framework by integrating the Risk Matrix and Relative Importance Index (RII) to identify, assess, and prioritize risks in toll road construction projects. A quantitative approach was employed using primary data collected through structured questionnaires distributed via Google Form to project stakeholders between January and February 2026. The identified risk variables were analyzed by calculating risk scores based on probability and impact, followed by RII to determine risk prioritization. The results were further visualized using a risk heatmap to enhance interpretability. The findings reveal that the most critical risks are predominantly associated with non-technical factors, particularly land acquisition delays, land readiness issues, and inter-agency coordination. These risks consistently rank highest in both risk matrix and RII analyses, indicating strong agreement between risk severity and stakeholder perception. Additionally, operational risks such as construction delays and traffic disruptions also contribute significantly to project performance degradation. This study contributes by proposing an integrated and visually enhanced risk assessment framework that bridges the gap between quantitative evaluation and practical decision-making. The proposed approach provides a more comprehensive understanding of risk distribution and prioritization, offering practical implications for improving risk management strategies in large-scale infrastructure projects, particularly in developing countries.
Optimasi Fasad Bangunan untuk Efisiensi Energi Berdasarkan Analisis OTTV pada Ruang Dosen Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya
Building facade optimization plays an essential role in improving the energy efficiency of buildings, particularly in tropical regions such as Indonesia, which experience high solar radiation intensity. Educational institution buildings, such as the Lecturer Room of the D-IV Building Architecture Program at Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya, Keramasan Campus, represent one of the building types with high energy demand for thermal comfort and lighting. The urgency of this research lies in the need for façade design strategies that can reduce cooling loads without compromising thermal and visual comfort, while also complying with energy efficiency standards through the calculation of the Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV). This study aims to examine and optimize the building facade design based on OTTV values in accordance with SNI 03-6389-2011 and the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation (Permen ESDM) No. 02/2021. The research employs a quantitative approach consisting of field surveys, physical data collection of the building, thermal modeling, and simulation of façade optimization through the combination of shading devices and low-e glass. The results show that the existing façade design has an OTTV value of 43.21 W/m², exceeding the maximum limit of 35 W/m². After optimization through the application of horizontal shading devices and the use of low-e glass, the OTTV value decreased to 32.87 W/m², meeting the energy efficiency standard. This research provides recommendations for energy-efficient facade design and serves as a reference for designing educational buildings in hot-humid tropical climates. The findings are expected to contribute to the development of sustainable architectural design practices within campus environments.
Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Variasi Serat Ilalang terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton Mutu K-150
Concrete is a widely used construction material due to its high compressive strength and ease of construction. However, concrete is brittle and has low tensile strength, making it prone to cracking. One approach that can be investigated to modify concrete characteristics is the addition of natural fibers to the concrete mixture. This study aims to analyze the effect of adding thatch fibers on the compressive strength of K-150 grade concrete. The study was conducted experimentally using cube-shaped test specimens measuring 15x15x15 cm. The variations in the addition of thatch fibers used were 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% of the cement weight. Compressive strength testing was carried out at 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days. The results showed that normal concrete without thatch fibers produced the highest compressive strength of 16.44 MPa at 28 days. The addition of 2.5% thatch fibers still produced a compressive strength that was relatively close to normal concrete, namely 16.31 MPa. However, the addition of 5% and 10% fiber resulted in a significant decrease in compressive strength to 7.11 MPa and 2.22 MPa, respectively. The decrease in concrete compressive strength was presumably influenced by increased porosity, decreased workability, and less homogeneous fiber distribution in the concrete mixture. Based on the compressive strength results, the addition of thatch fiber in small amounts, particularly 2.5% of cement weight, can still be considered as a concrete additive. However, its use needs to be limited because higher fiber contents significantly reduce the compressive strength of concrete.
Identifikasi dan Pengelolaan Risiko Lokasi Proyek di Wilayah Bali: Pendekatan Kualitatif Melalui Wawancara Mendalam dengan Para Manajer Proyek
This study aims to explore the identification and management of location-based risks in construction projects in Bali through a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews with ten experienced project managers. As an internationally recognized tourism destination, Bali possesses complex and multidimensional risk characteristics encompassing physical-geographical, socio-cultural-customary, and regulatory-permitting aspects. The research employed a phenomenological study design to understand the practical experiences of project managers in dealing with location-related risks directly in the field. The findings reveal three primary clusters of location risks consistently encountered by project managers, namely physical-geographical risks, socio-cultural-customary risks, and regulatory and permitting risks. Socio-cultural risks rooted in local customary systems such as desa pakraman, awig-awig, and the Tri Hita Karana concept emerged as the main distinguishing factors compared to other regions in Indonesia, as they directly affect project schedules, costs, and design processes. In addition, dynamic regulations and Bali’s disaster-prone geographical conditions further increase the complexity of construction project management. The risk management strategies implemented by project managers are adaptive and contextual, emphasizing the involvement of customary communities from the pre-construction stage, periodic updates of the risk register, and the application of combined avoidance, mitigation, and acceptance strategies based on the characteristics of each risk. This study contributes to the development of a locality-based risk management framework relevant to construction projects in tourism areas across Indonesia while highlighting the importance of integrating local cultural aspects into modern risk management practices.
Evaluasi Kesesuaian Desain Rumah Tinggal Dua Lantai terhadap Kondisi Iklim dan Kerawanan Gempa di Pulau Lombok
Lombok Island has a humid tropical climate and a high risk of earthquakes due to tectonic activity; consequently, residential design must take into account aspects of thermal comfort and structural resilience. This study aims to evaluate the suitability of the architectural and structural design of a two-storey residential house for three occupants in relation to local environmental conditions. The method used is descriptive evaluation with a case study approach by reviewing design drawings, including floor plans, elevations, sections, and structural details, which were then compared with the principles of tropical house design and general provisions for earthquake-resistant buildings. The results of the study indicate that the spatial layout meets the functional needs of a small family with a clear division between private and public zones, whilst applying tropical architectural principles through the use of pitched roofs and natural openings to enhance thermal comfort. However, from a structural perspective, the details of the foundation, columns, beams, and structural connections are not yet sufficiently explained, thus requiring further technical verification based on earthquake-resistant building provisions. Consequently, whilst this house design meets functional and climatic requirements, it does not yet fully comply with earthquake-resistant building principles, thus requiring structural design optimisation.
Analisis Karakteristik Tanah Dasar pada Ruas Jalan Maduran Kabupaten Lamongan Berdasarkan Uji CBR dan Direct Shear
Road damage on several road sections in Lamongan Regency may be influenced by unstable subgrade conditions, particularly in areas with high water content and clayey soil characteristics. Subgrade soil with high plasticity and low bearing capacity can reduce pavement performance; therefore, laboratory testing is required to evaluate its physical and mechanical properties. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of subgrade soil on the Maduran road section in Lamongan Regency based on water content, Atterberg limits, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and direct shear parameters. Soil samples were collected from the study location and tested in the laboratory to determine the physical and mechanical properties of the subgrade. The test results showed a water content of 16.66%, liquid limit of 35.82%, plastic limit of 1.21%, plasticity index of 34.61%, CBR value of 6.80%, shear strength of 0.72 kg/cm², internal friction angle of 15.03°, and cohesion of 0.0340 kg/cm². Based on the plasticity index, the soil is classified as high-plasticity clay, while the CBR value falls into the poor to fair category for subgrade material. Therefore, drainage improvement, proper compaction, and subgrade stabilization are recommended before pavement rehabilitation is carried out.
Karakteristik Beton dengan Variasi Diameter Serat Bambu terhadap Kuat Tarik Belah Beton
Concrete is a construction material with high compressive strength; however, it has a relatively low tensile strength, which makes it susceptible to cracking. One approach to improving the tensile strength of concrete is the addition of natural fibers, such as bamboo fibers, which are environmentally friendly, lightweight, and easily obtained. Variations in bamboo fiber diameter may influence the bonding between the fibers and the concrete matrix, thereby affecting the splitting tensile strength of concrete. This study aims to analyze the effect of bamboo fiber diameter variations on the splitting tensile strength of concrete and to determine the fiber diameter that produces the highest average splitting tensile strength. The research method used is an experimental laboratory method with a designed concrete strength of f’c 25 MPa. The bamboo fiber diameters used in this study were 2 mm, 4 mm, and 6 mm. Cylindrical specimens with dimensions of 100 mm × 200 mm were used and tested at the ages of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The results of this study indicate that the addition of bamboo fibers improves the splitting tensile strength of concrete. At 28 days, the control concrete had a splitting tensile strength of 2.65 MPa, while concrete with bamboo fiber additions showed values of 2.77 MPa for 2 mm diameter, 3.24 MPa for 4 mm diameter, and 2.94 MPa for 6 mm diameter. Based on the average test results, the 4 mm fiber diameter showed the highest splitting tensile strength compared with the 2 mm and 6 mm variations. This study recommends the use of 4 mm bamboo fiber as an environmentally friendly alternative additive to improve the tensile performance of concrete and support sustainable construction development.
Studi Evaluasi Ketersediaan Lahan Parkir dalam Menentukan Kapasitas Kendaraan di Pasar Tradisional Sendangrejo Ngimbang
Sendangrejo Ngimbang Market is one of the traditional markets with relatively high activity in Ngimbang District. Market visitors come not only from the surrounding area but also from other districts, such as Sambeng, Bluluk, and Sukorame. These activities generate a demand for parking space that needs to be evaluated to prevent disruption to traffic flow around the market area. This study aims to evaluate the availability of parking space in determining vehicle capacity at Sendangrejo Ngimbang Traditional Market. A quantitative method was applied through a field survey conducted over 7 observation days on January 4, 6, 11, 13, 22, 25, and 31, 2026, from 07:00 to 12:00 WIB. The analyzed parameters included parking accumulation, parking duration, parking volume, parking index, and parking turnover rate. The results showed that the highest motorcycle parking accumulation during the observation period was 66 vehicles out of a capacity of 165 vehicles, while the highest car parking accumulation was 4 vehicles out of a capacity of 4 vehicles. The highest motorcycle parking index was 40.00%, whereas the highest car parking index reached 100.00% on one observation day. Therefore, motorcycle parking space remains sufficient, while car parking reaches full capacity at certain times. Accordingly, better car parking arrangement, separation of parking areas by vehicle type, and control of on-street parking are required to prevent market activities from disrupting surrounding traffic flow.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Minyak Goreng Bekas pada Campuran Asphalt AC-BC
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of using waste cooking oil as a partial substitute for asphalt on the Marshall characteristics of Asphalt Concrete – Binder Course (AC-BC) mixtures. The research employed an experimental laboratory method using the Marshall test in accordance with the 2018 General Specifications of Bina Marga. The variations of waste cooking oil used were 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, and 3.5% by weight of asphalt, with an optimum asphalt content of 5.3%. The parameters analyzed included Void in Mix (VIM), Void in Mineral Aggregate (VMA), Voids Filled with Bitumen (VFB), stability, and flow. The results showed that waste cooking oil contents ranging from 1.5% to 3.0% satisfied the requirements of the 2018 Bina Marga Specifications, while the 3.5% variation failed to meet the flow requirement, producing a value of 4.20 mm, which exceeded the specified limit of 2–4 mm. The VIM values ranged from 3.51% to 3.76%, the VMA values ranged from 14.26% to 14.48%, and the VFB values ranged from 74.19% to 75.38%. The highest stability value was obtained at a waste cooking oil content of 1.5%, reaching 1412 kg. Meanwhile, the flow values tended to increase with increasing waste cooking oil content, indicating that the mixture became more flexible due to the reduction in asphalt stiffness. Based on the test results, the most suitable waste cooking oil content was found to be within the range of 1.5%–3.0%, as all Marshall parameters remained within the specified limits. The 3.5% variation is not recommended because its flow value of 4.20 mm exceeded the maximum allowable specification. Furthermore, the utilization of waste cooking oil has the potential to serve as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative material in road pavement construction.
Faktor yang Memengaruhi Pemilihan Moda Transportasi pada Pengguna Bus Trans Jatim Koridor Mojokerto-Jombang
Public transportation plays an important role in supporting community mobility and reducing dependence on private vehicles, particularly along the Mojokerto–Jombang corridor, which has relatively high travel intensity. However, the utilization of Trans Jatim Bus services along this corridor remains relatively low compared to private vehicles and other transportation modes. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing user preferences in transportation mode choice and to identify the most dominant attributes affecting the decision to use Trans Jatim Bus services. This research employed a quantitative method with a descriptive approach by distributing questionnaires to 97 respondents along the Mojokerto–Jombang corridor. The data were analyzed using binary logistic regression with the assistance of IBM SPSS Statistics 26. The results show that the regression model achieved a classification accuracy of 85.0% and a Nagelkerke R² value of 0.602, indicating that 60.2% of the variation in mode choice decisions can be explained by the variables included in the model. The Omnibus Test result showed a significance value of 0.000 (<0.05), indicating that the model is statistically significant. The variables that significantly influence the preference for using Trans Jatim Bus are income, travel experience, transportation mode used, factors influencing travel decisions, and preferred fare levels. Among the significant variables, preferred fare level had the smallest significance value, namely 0.009. Therefore, improving service quality, particularly in terms of fare affordability, comfort, and accessibility, is essential to increase public interest in using Trans Jatim Bus as a public transportation mode.
Optimalisasi Waktu dan Biaya Proyek Gelora Ahmad Yani Mojokerto Menggunakan Metode Time Cost Trade Off
The Gelora Ahmad Yani Infrastructure Project in Mojokerto experienced delays from week 5 to week 7, which could extend the project duration and increase construction costs. These delays required a measurable time and cost control evaluation to ensure more efficient project completion. This study aimed to determine the most optimal acceleration alternative for the project using the Time Cost Trade Off (TCTO) method. The research data consisted of the Budget Plan, project schedule, progress reports, working-hour data, and heavy equipment data. The analysis was conducted on critical path activities by comparing acceleration scenarios involving 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours of overtime work and the addition of a mini roller. The results show that the normal project condition had a duration of 90 days with a total cost of IDR 870,542,000.00. The most optimal alternative was the addition of heavy equipment, which produced a final duration of 25 days, representing an acceleration of 65 days or 72.22%. The total project cost decreased to IDR 843,848,152.79, with a saving of IDR 26,693,847.21 or 3.07% compared with the normal cost. Therefore, adding a mini roller is recommended as a more effective acceleration strategy, particularly for critical paving activities.
Behavioral Modeling dalam Pemilihan Moda Transportasi Melalui Analisis Preferensi Pengguna terhadap Bus Trans Jatim Rute Lamongan–Mojokerto
Effective public transportation is essential for reducing society's dependence on private vehicles and promoting sustainable mobility. The implementation of the Trans Jatim Bus service on the Lamongan–Mojokerto route is expected to provide a more efficient transportation alternative; however, the level of modal shift among the community still requires further investigation. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing people's decisions to shift to the Trans Jatim Bus and to determine the probability of modal shift occurrence. This research employed a quantitative approach through a questionnaire survey involving 100 respondents selected using purposive sampling. The collected data were analyzed using binary logistic regression to identify variables that significantly affect the decision to shift transportation modes. The results indicate that gender and travel frequency significantly influence modal shift decisions, with significance values of 0.031 and 0.047, respectively. The highest probability of modal shift was found among male respondents at 82.4%, while respondents who traveled daily showed a modal shift probability of 55.6%. These findings suggest that user characteristics and travel intensity play important roles in encouraging the use of public transportation. Therefore, improving service quality, particularly in terms of travel frequency, should become a priority for operators and government authorities to increase public interest in using the Trans Jatim Bus service.
Analisis dan Pemeringkatan Faktor Kritis yang Mempengaruhi Mutu Pengelasan Struktur Baja Menggunakan Relative Importance Index (RII)
Welding quality plays a crucial role in determining the strength, safety, and long-term performance of structural steel construction. Welding defects may lead to rework, project delays, additional costs, and reduced structural reliability. Therefore, identifying and prioritizing the factors influencing welding quality is essential for improving construction performance and quality management practices. This study aims to identify and rank the critical factors affecting structural steel welding quality using the Relative Importance Index (RII) method. A quantitative survey approach was employed in this study. Data were collected from 100 construction professionals, including engineers, welders, quality control personnel, welding inspectors, supervisors, and project practitioners involved in structural steel works. The questionnaire was developed based on the AWS D1.1 standard and relevant literature and distributed through Google Forms via WhatsApp between March and April 2026. The research instrument consisted of 24 causal-factor indicators grouped into six dimensions, namely technical aspects, documentation, human resources, supervision, management, and work environment, as well as five welding-quality outcome indicators. Reliability testing showed that the overall instrument achieved a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.984, indicating excellent internal consistency. The results of the Relative Importance Index analysis revealed that the five most influential factors affecting welding quality were quality control supervision before, during, and after welding activities, cleanliness of the welding area from contaminants, compliance with AWS D1.1 standards, availability of competent welding inspectors, and the use of calibrated and well-maintained welding equipment. These findings indicate that welding quality is influenced not only by technical factors but also by effective supervision systems, personnel competency, and adherence to quality management procedures. The study provides practical guidance for contractors, consultants, owners, and quality management teams in prioritizing quality improvement strategies for structural steel welding projects.
Evaluasi Daya Dukung Tanah Dasar Berdasarkan Nilai CBR Hasil Pengujian DCP pada Ruas Jalan Tikung–Kembangbahu Kabupaten Lamongan
The Tikung–Kembangbahu road section in Lamongan Regency shows several indications of pavement distress; therefore, the bearing capacity of the subgrade needs to be evaluated as one of the bases for road treatment. This study aims to evaluate the subgrade bearing capacity based on the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) obtained from Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) testing. The test was conducted at five points with an interval of 200 m along a 1,000 m road section. The DCP penetration data were converted into CBR values, and the CBR values of the subgrade layer were used to determine the design CBR. The results show that the subgrade CBR values at the five test points were 12.8%, 3.23%, 3.3%, 8.42%, and 10.9%. The lowest CBR value of 3.23% was selected as the design CBR because the number of test points in one segment was less than ten. This value is lower than the minimum CBR requirement of 6%, indicating that subgrade improvement is required before pavement design. Based on the Bina Marga Pavement Design Manual, the recommended thickness of the subgrade improvement layer is 200 mm.
Pengaruh Serat Polypropylene Terhadap Pola Retak dan Kuat Tekan Beton Berbasis Agregat Ringan Batu Apung
Lightweight concrete based on pumice aggregate has relatively high compressive strength; however, it is brittle and prone to cracking under loading, which can reduce the durability and service life of structures. The addition of polypropylene fibers is expected to improve crack resistance and enhance the mechanical properties of concrete. This study aims to evaluate the effect of polypropylene fiber addition on the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and crack pattern of structural lightweight concrete. An experimental method was employed using polypropylene fiber contents of 0%, 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.06% by concrete volume. Tests were conducted on compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and crack patterns at the age of 28 days. The results indicate that the addition of 0.02% polypropylene fibers produced the highest compressive strength of 22.20 MPa and the highest splitting tensile strength of 2.56 MPa compared to concrete without fibers. The addition of polypropylene fibers was also able to reduce crack width and control crack propagation, resulting in a more ductile failure behavior. However, higher fiber contents reduced the workability of the concrete mixture and decreased compressive strength due to less uniform fiber distribution. Based on these findings, the use of 0.02% polypropylene fiber is recommended as the optimum content to improve the mechanical performance and crack resistance of structural lightweight concrete without significantly reducing workability. Further studies are recommended to investigate fiber combinations or variations in concrete strength in order to evaluate long-term durability and crack behavior.
Pengaruh Limbah Potongan Baja Ringan terhadap Kuat Lentur Beton
The utilization of concrete in the construction industry is highly massive due to its superior compressive strength; however, this activity also triggers a surge in waste, such as lightweight steel scraps. To address these environmental issues, this study examines the optimization of lightweight steel waste as a concrete additive because of its high tensile strength characteristics. Testing was conducted through an experimental method at the Civil Engineering Laboratory of Universitas Islam Lamongan to analyze the comparison of flexural strength between normal concrete and varied concrete mixtures. The percentages of the added material tested included 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% of the total gravel weight. Based on the experimental results, normal concrete produced a flexural strength of 3.31 MPa, while the 2%, 4%, and 6% mixed variations sequentially surged to 5.16 MPa, 5.30 MPa, and 6.93 MPa. These data prove that an increase in the content of lightweight steel waste is directly proportional to the enhancement of the concrete's flexural strength quality. Therefore, this residual material is highly recommended as an alternative substitution ingredient to improve structural quality while reducing the negative impact of construction project waste.
Pengaruh Abu Sekam Padi Sebagai Substitusi Abu Terbang (Fly ash) Terhadap Nilai Kuat Tekan Beton Geopolimer
Conventional concrete uses cement as the primary binding material, which produces significant carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions and contributes to environmental problems. One environmentally friendly alternative is geopolymer concrete that utilizes pozzolanic materials such as fly ash and rice husk ash as binding materials. This study aims to determine the effect of rice husk ash as a substitution for fly ash on the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete. The research was conducted experimentally using cylindrical specimens with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 30 cm, with rice husk ash variations of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight of fly ash. Compressive strength testing was carried out at the ages of 7 and 28 days using a Compression Testing Machine (CTM). The results showed that increasing the percentage of rice husk ash tended to reduce the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete under both curing methods. Under ambient curing conditions, the 28-day compressive strength decreased from 15.85 MPa for GP0 to 5.66 MPa for GP15. Under oven curing conditions, the 28-day compressive strength decreased from 37.795 MPa for GP0 to 7.925 MPa for GP15. In addition, the observed crack patterns were cone and cone and split. These findings indicate that the use of rice husk ash as a partial substitution for fly ash affects the mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete, particularly its compressive strength.
Pengaruh Substitusi Pasir Limbah Tailing Emas Sebagai Agregat Halus terhadap Sifat Mekanik Beton Normal
The increasing demand for natural sand as fine aggregate in concrete mixtures encourages the utilization of more environmentally friendly alternative materials, one of which is gold mining tailings waste sand. This study aims to analyze the effect of substituting gold mining tailings waste sand as a partial replacement for fine aggregate on the fresh concrete characteristics and mechanical properties of normal concrete. The research was conducted experimentally using four mixture variations, namely normal concrete, BTL 10%, BTL 20%, and BTL 30%. The concrete mix design referred to SNI 03-2834-2000, while the specimens were cylindrical with dimensions of 150 mm × 300 mm and tested at the age of 28 days. The parameters tested included slump value, fine aggregate specific gravity, compressive strength, and splitting tensile strength. The results showed that normal concrete had the highest compressive strength of 20.27 MPa, while the 10% tailings variation decreased by 9.22% to 18.40 MPa, the 20% variation decreased by 4.75% to 19.31 MPa, and the 30% variation decreased by 0.09% to 20.25 MPa. In the splitting tensile strength test, normal concrete had a value of 1.72 MPa, while the 10%, 20%, and 30% variations had values of 1.75 MPa, 1.73 MPa, and 1.72 MPa, respectively. These results indicate that the use of gold mining tailings waste sand up to 30% is still capable of producing compressive strength nearly equivalent to normal concrete, while the 10% substitution provided the highest increase in splitting tensile strength of 1.37% compared to normal concrete. This study demonstrates that gold mining tailings waste sand has the potential to be utilized as an environmentally friendly alternative fine aggregate material without significantly reducing the mechanical properties of concrete
Analisis Faktor Penyebab Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas pada Jalan Raya Legundi – Bypass Krian STA 0+000 – STA 5+100
Traffic accidents remain one of the major transportation problems that continue to increase along with population growth and the rising mobility of the community. This condition leads to a higher risk of traffic accidents, resulting in both material and non-material losses while endangering road users' safety. One of the road sections with a relatively high accident rate is the Legundi–Bypass Krian Road in Sidoarjo Regency, where 23 traffic accident cases were recorded by the Traffic Accident Unit of the Sidoarjo Regional Police in 2024. This study aims to analyze the factors causing traffic accidents, identify accident-prone locations, and evaluate the condition of road safety facilities along the Legundi–Bypass Krian Road. The methods employed include the Accident Equivalent Number (AEN) and the Upper Control Limit (UCL) to identify accident-prone areas (black spots), Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) to analyze accident-causing factors based on road users' perceptions, and a scoring method to assess the feasibility of road safety facilities. The results indicate that human factors are the dominant cause of traffic accidents, several road segments are identified as accident-prone locations based on AEN values exceeding the UCL, and a number of road safety facilities are still in suboptimal condition. Therefore, improving road safety facilities and implementing appropriate treatments at accident-prone locations are recommended to enhance traffic safety.
Perbandingan Kuat Tekan pada Beton SCC Menggunakan Bahan Zat Aditif yang Bersifat Accelerator dan Retarder dengan Metode Destructive Test
The ever-evolving construction industry demands innovation in high-quality, economical, and efficient concrete materials. Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is one solution due to its self-compacting ability. However, extreme conditions often affect the setting and hardening time of concrete, requiring the use of additives in the form of accelerators to accelerate or retarders to slow down the setting time. This study aims to analyze and compare the compressive strength values of SCC concrete using accelerator and retarder additives through a destructive test method. This study was conducted at the Civil Engineering Laboratory of the University of Muhammadiyah Mataram. The test specimens used were concrete cylinders measuring 15 cm x 30 cm with a design compressive strength of f’c = 20 MPa and an additive dosage of 0.5%. Fresh concrete characteristics testing included slump flow, J-ring, and sieved stability index. The compressive strength testing of hardened concrete was carried out using a Compression Testing Machine (CTM) at the ages of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The test results showed that the material and fresh concrete had met all the eligibility criteria for SCC concrete, with a slump flow distribution value of 65 cm, J-ring 67 cm, and a sieve stability index of 17.52%. The use of accelerator additives proved to be the most effective in increasing early strength and producing the highest compressive strength of 24,84 MPa on the 28th day. The use of retarder produced a compressive strength below normal concrete at the age of 7 days (14.60 MPa compared to 15.56 MPa), but showed a better increase in strength at the age of 28 days. Overall, the choice of additive type must be adjusted to the needs, accelerator is effective in accelerating hardening, while retarder is more suitable for improving long-term workability.
Analisis Kesediaan dan Kemampuan Membayar terhadap Persepsi Kewajaran Tarif LRT Jabodebek pada Jam Sibuk dan Non-Sibuk (Studi Kasus: Stasiun Harjamukti)
High mobility in the Greater Jakarta (Jabodetabek) area, which is dominated by private vehicle use, has led to congestion and transportation inefficiency. The LRT Jabodebek was introduced as a mass transit alternative; however, its passenger occupancy rate remains suboptimal. This study aims to analyze the influence of Willingness to Pay (WTP) and Ability to Pay (ATP) on fare fairness perception during peak and off-peak hours, as well as to identify the dominant variable. A quantitative method with descriptive and verificative approaches was employed through a Likert-scale questionnaire distributed to users at Harjamukti Station. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results indicate that both WTP and ATP have a positive and significant effect on fare fairness perception. During peak hours, WTP is the dominant variable, whereas ATP is more dominant during off-peak hours. A fare of IDR 20,000 during peak hours tends to be rejected, while a fare of IDR 10,000 during off-peak hours is more acceptable. These findings suggest the need for a time-based fare policy to improve affordability and user acceptance.
Sifat Mekanik Beton dengan Substitusi Limbah Kaca dan Penambahan SikaCim Concrete Additive
The demand for high-strength concrete in Indonesia continues to grow, yet the exploitation of natural sand as fine aggregate poses a risk of environmental damage, creating a need for alternative materials. This study aims to analyze the effect of glass waste substitution on the mechanical properties of high-strength concrete (design f'c of 40 MPa) with SikaCim Concrete Additive. The method used was a laboratory experiment on cylindrical specimens (10×20 cm) with glass waste substitution for fine aggregate at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, including slump testing, compressive strength testing (Compression Testing Machine), and splitting tensile strength testing at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The results showed that compressive strength decreased consistently as the substitution level increased, from 37.66 MPa (normal concrete) to 35.37 MPa (10%), 34.01 MPa (20%), and 33.67 MPa (30%), a decline of up to 10.59%. In contrast, splitting tensile strength followed a non-monotonic pattern: it dropped sharply at 10% substitution (3.56 MPa; a 20.54% decrease), then rose again at 20% (3.74 MPa) and 30% (4.30 MPa), approaching the value of normal concrete (4.48 MPa), with the highest ft/√f'c ratio occurring at 30% substitution (0.741), exceeding that of normal concrete (0.730). It is concluded that within the 0–30% substitution range, glass waste did not produce an optimum point that increased compressive strength above that of normal concrete, but at 30% it provided a relatively better balance between compressive and splitting tensile strength, indicating that the feasibility of using glass waste cannot be assessed from compressive strength alone.
Analisis Percepatan Waktu Menggunakan Metode Crashing dengan Penambahan Jam Kerja Tiga Jam dan Sistem Shift
During the construction process of a project, many unexpected events can occur, one of which is project delays. These delays may result from various factors such as unfavorable weather conditions, design changes, planning errors, and several others. Therefore, it is necessary to consider alternative strategies to support project acceleration. These alternatives may include extending working hours, using more productive equipment, increasing the number of workers, utilizing materials that are quicker to install, and implementing faster construction methods. This study analyzes the acceleration of project completion time in the construction project of SMPN 3 using the crashing method, with two alternatives: extending working hours by three hours and implementing a shift system. The objective of this research is to determine the total project duration after applying crashing with the two alternatives and to identify which critical path activities were accelerated in the SMPN 3 construction project. Based on the analysis, the total project duration after crashing using the three-hour extended workday alternative is 175 days, representing a time savings of approximately 20% compared to the normal duration of 218 days. Meanwhile, the total project duration after crashing using the shift system alternative is 109 days, resulting in a time savings of approximately 50% from the original duration of 218 days.
Pengaruh Limbah Kaca Sebagai Substitusi Agregat Halus terhadap Sifat Mekanik Beton Normal
The increasing development of the construction industry has led to a growing demand for natural aggregates, while the accumulation of non-biodegradable waste glass continues to increase, posing potential environmental problems. One effort to reduce these impacts is to utilize waste glass as a partial substitute for fine aggregate in normal concrete mixtures. This study aimed to analyze the effect of waste glass as a partial replacement for fine aggregate on the mechanical properties of normal concrete, including compressive strength and splitting tensile strength. An experimental method was employed at the Civil Engineering Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram using cylindrical concrete specimens with dimensions of 100 mm × 200 mm. The waste glass substitution levels were 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% by weight of fine aggregate. Compressive strength and splitting tensile strength tests were conducted at the age of 28 days using a Compression Testing Machine (CTM). The results showed that the average compressive strength of normal concrete was 16.22 MPa, while the concrete containing 10%, 20%, and 30% waste glass achieved average compressive strengths of 26.37 MPa, 21.74 MPa, and 20.34 MPa, respectively. The highest compressive strength was obtained at the 10% substitution level. Meanwhile, the average splitting tensile strength of normal concrete was 2.01 MPa, whereas the concrete containing 10%, 20%, and 30% waste glass produced average splitting tensile strengths of 2.99 MPa, 2.48 MPa, and 2.20 MPa, respectively. The highest splitting tensile strength was also achieved at the 10% substitution level. Based on these findings, the use of 10% waste glass as a partial replacement for fine aggregate provides the most optimal improvement in the mechanical properties of normal concrete and has the potential to serve as an environmentally friendly alternative material for sustainable construction.
Evaluasi Standar Pelayanan Minimum dan Tingkat Kepuasan Penumpang terhadap Fasilitas Pelayanan di Terminal Kepuhsari Kabupaten Jombang
Kepuhsari Terminal in Jombang Regency plays a strategic role as a Type B passenger terminal serving Rural Transportation, Inter-City Within Province (AKDP), and Inter-City Between Provinces (AKAP) services. However, the terminal's facilities and operations still exhibit several deficiencies, including inadequate waiting areas, damaged and poorly maintained sanitation facilities, limited service information, and insufficient maintenance. These conditions reduce the comfort and safety of terminal users. This study aimed to evaluate the conformity of the terminal's physical facilities with the Minimum Service Standards (MSS) stipulated in the Minister of Transportation Regulation No. PM 40 of 2015 and to analyze passenger satisfaction with the terminal services. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed. Data were collected through field observations to assess the physical condition of the terminal based on the MSS and through questionnaires administered to 100 users of Kepuhsari Terminal. The data were analyzed using Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) to identify service attributes requiring priority improvement and the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) to measure overall passenger satisfaction. The IPA results showed that the average facility performance score was 2.65, while the average importance score was 3.30. The CSI value was 53.02%, which falls within the 40%–60% range and indicates a moderately satisfied level of passenger satisfaction. These findings suggest that the quality of services at Kepuhsari Terminal requires further improvement, particularly for service attributes with high importance but relatively low performance.
Pengaruh Abu Tempurung Kelapa Sebagai Substitusi Sebagian Semen terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton K-250
Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials. Therefore, efforts are needed to reduce cement consumption by utilizing waste materials, one of which is coconut shell ash. This study aimed to determine the effect of partially replacing cement with coconut shell ash on the compressive strength of K-250 concrete. An experimental method was employed using coconut shell ash replacement levels of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% by the weight of cement, with compressive strength testing conducted at 28 days. The average compressive strength of normal concrete was 20.81 MPa, while concrete with 2%, 4%, and 6% coconut shell ash substitution achieved average compressive strengths of 19.25 MPa, 18.35 MPa, and 17.85 MPa, respectively. The results indicate that increasing the percentage of coconut shell ash substitution tends to reduce the compressive strength of concrete. Therefore, the use of coconut shell ash as a partial replacement for cement at the substitution levels investigated was not able to improve the compressive strength of K-250 concrete.
Perencanaan Penerapan Simpang Ber-APILL dengan Pendekatan PKJI 2023 Dan VISSIM (Studi Kasus: Simpang 4 Jalan Raya Mataram-Tanjung)
The Lendang Bajur Four-Leg Intersection is one of the main intersections connecting Mataram City with the Senggigi tourism area and North Lombok, resulting in relatively high traffic volumes, particularly during peak hours. These conditions may increase traffic conflict and reduce intersection performance. This study aims to analyze the existing intersection performance and evaluate the implementation of a traffic signal system using the Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual (PKJI 2023) and PTV VISSIM simulation software. The research began with traffic volume surveys and geometric measurements, followed by analyses of capacity, degree of saturation, delay, and signal cycle time based on PKJI 2023. The proposed signal timing was subsequently modeled using PTV VISSIM to evaluate the operational performance of the intersections. The analysis produced an optimum signal cycle time of 49 seconds, with an average approach delay ranging from 21.26 to 34.21 seconds per vehicle. The VISSIM simulation indicated that several traffic movements still experienced relatively high vehicle delays due to traffic movement characteristics and operational conditions at the intersections. The differences between PKJI 2023 and PTV VISSIM results are attributed to their different analytical approaches, indicating that both methods complement each other in evaluating intersection performance. The findings are expected to provide a reference for planning signalized intersections with similar traffic characteristics.
Analisis Tingkat Kepuasan Penumpang Kereta Cepat terhadap Fasilitas dan Pelayanan Stasiun Halim Menggunakan SERVQUAL Berbasis Website
The rapid development of high-speed railways requires service providers to continuously improve station facilities and service quality to meet passenger expectations. Although the Service Quality (SERVQUAL) method has been widely applied to evaluate service quality, studies integrating data collection, processing, and real-time visualisation into a single web-based platform remain limited, particularly in Indonesia's high-speed railway services. This study aims to analyse passenger satisfaction with the facilities and services at Halim Station using a web-based SERVQUAL approach while developing a digital platform to support continuous service evaluation. A quantitative approach was employed involving 131 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a web-based questionnaire measuring passengers' perceptions and expectations and were analysed through validity and reliability tests, followed by SERVQUAL gap analysis across five service quality dimensions. The results indicate that all questionnaire items are valid and reliable, and the overall service quality of Halim Station is classified as very good, with an average perception score of 4.5974. Positive gaps were identified in the responsiveness, assurance, and empathy dimensions, whereas the tangibles and reliability dimensions exhibited slight negative gaps, indicating areas requiring improvement. This study develops a web-based system that integrates questionnaire data collection, SERVQUAL gap calculation, data recapitulation, and survey result visualisation. The system helps improve the efficiency of service monitoring and assists in making decisions based on station management data. By combining SERVQUAL with a digital web-based platform, this approach offers a more efficient method for supporting continuous service quality evaluation in railway station services.
Analisis Pondasi Tiang Pancang Pipa Baja Jembatan Parit 3 Kec. Kuala Jambi
Steel pipe pile foundations function to transfer superstructure loads to the supporting soil layer while providing resistance to axial and lateral forces. These foundations are widely used not only for buildings but also for various civil engineering structures, including bridges. The Parit 3 Bridge in Kuala Jambi District was constructed to reconnect two disconnected road sections, thereby improving local community accessibility. This study aimed to analyze the bridge structural loading and determine the bearing capacity of the steel pipe pile foundation using the Schmertmann and Nottingham method. Bridge loading calculations were performed in accordance with SNI 1725:2016, while the foundation bearing capacity was evaluated using the Schmertmann and Nottingham method. The results indicated that the maximum factored ultimate load under the Strength 1 load combination was Pu = 3,695.00 kN, equivalent to 376.79 tons. The allowable bearing capacity of a single pile was Qa = 739.538 kN, equivalent to 75.411 tons, whereas the bearing capacity of the pile group was Qg = 7,395.380 kN, equivalent to 751.841 tons. The calculated pile group bearing capacity exceeded the maximum applied load, indicating that the foundation satisfied the required bearing capacity criteria. Furthermore, both the single-pile settlement and the pile-group settlement were smaller than the allowable settlement, demonstrating that the settlement requirements were also satisfied.
Integrasi Data Pemeriksaan Geometri dan Estimasi Waktu–Biaya pada Perencanaan Pemeliharaan Jembatan Jalan Tol Layang MBZ
Condition-based bridge maintenance requires the integration of information on the actual structural condition, implementation time, and costs to ensure effective and efficient infrastructure asset management. This study aims to analyze the integration of geometric inspection data with time and cost estimates in the maintenance planning of the Sheikh Mohammed Bin Zayed (MBZ) Elevated Toll Road Bridge. The study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Secondary data were obtained from the contractor, including geometric measurement results collected using a Robotic Total Station (RTS), dual-frequency geodetic GPS, and a digital level, as well as the Bill of Quantities (BoQ), project schedule, and other technical documents. Data were collected through document analysis and analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, consisting of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The results show that geometric inspection data can be integrated with project schedule and budget information within a unified maintenance-planning information framework. The geometric inspection, data processing, and preparation of the maintenance plan were completed within 90 calendar days at a total cost of IDR 965,061,750. The integration of geometric, time, and cost data provides more structured planning information to support the implementation of condition-based maintenance. However, the integration remains at the planning-information level and does not yet establish a quantitative relationship between geometric changes and the type, volume, duration, and cost of physical repair works. This study strengthens the application of condition-based maintenance and integrated asset management and provides practical implications for toll road operators in improving planning accuracy and bridge maintenance efficiency.
Analisis Daya Dukung Fondasi Foot Plate Menggunakan Metode Meyerhof dan Terzaghi Studi Kasus RSJ Mutiara Sukma
A foundation is a structural element that transfers building loads to the soil layer, thereby ensuring the stability of the construction. The foot plate foundation is a type of shallow foundation commonly used for low- to medium-rise buildings. This study aims to analyze the bearing capacity of foot plate foundations using the Terzaghi and Meyerhof methods and to compare the calculation results from both methods within the context of the construction of the Drug Rehabilitation Building at Mutiara Sukma Psychiatric Hospital, Mataram City. The study employs a quantitative method with a comparative analysis approach. The data utilized consists of secondary data from Cone Penetration Tests (CPT/sondir) and foundation design drawings. The Meyerhof and Terzaghi methods yielded different bearing capacity values at each testing point; these differences are attributable to the specific equations, soil parameters, and correction factors employed. This study could not determine the most representative method, as no validation was performed using load tests or actual settlement data. Regarding the allowable bearing capacity of the shallow foundations, the highest values were obtained using the Terzaghi method: 15,749.5 kN at point 1 (compared to 12,879.92 kN via Meyerhof). At point S2, the values were 3,180.57 kN (Terzaghi) and 2,202.51 kN (Meyerhof); at point S3, they were 6,580.49 kN (Terzaghi) and 5,582.46 kN (Meyerhof); and finally, at point S4, the values were 6,580.49 kN (Terzaghi) and 5,063.29 kN (Meyerhof).
Perencanaan Ulang Struktur Gedung Rumah Susun Negara Kementerian Keuangan 25 Lantai Tahan Gempa Menggunakan Sistem Ganda (Dual System) di Jakarta Barat
Urban population growth has driven a high demand for vertical housing that is efficient and highly resilient to lateral loads. The Ministry of Finance's State Apartment Building in West Jakarta, initially constructed with 12 stories, is being redesigned into a 25-story structure to optimize land utilization. This study aims to design the main structural elements of the upgraded building using a Dual System while performing comprehensive structural performance evaluations in accordance with seismic resistance standards. The analysis employed the dynamic response spectrum method via ETABS v22.7, incorporating West Jakarta's specific seismic parameters for soft soil conditions (Site Class SE). Furthermore, the structural model was integrated into Building Information Modeling (BIM) using Autodesk Revit 2025 to generate reinforcement detailing and material quantity estimates. Analytical results demonstrate that the redesigned structural elements successfully satisfy all performance criteria. Story drift remains within safe boundaries, the structure maintains stability against P-Delta effects, and the Strong Column-Weak Beam principle is well fulfilled. The implementation of the Dual System yielded a Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF) participation of 79.8% in the X-direction and 53.8% in the Y-direction. Additionally, it restricted the maximum story drift to 50.204 mm well below the 72 mm allowable limit—proving its effectiveness in providing the requisite lateral stiffness and ductility. Overall, the structural design strictly conforms to SNI 1726:2019, SNI 1727:2020, SNI 2847:2019, and SNI 2052:2024 provisions. The BIM integration also successfully produced technical working drawings and highly accurate Quantity Take-Off (QTO) calculations.
Evaluasi Kapasitas Saluran Eksisting terhadap Debit Limpasan sebagai Kajian Perancangan Saluran Drainase di Perumahan Sukawinatan Permai Indah
The rapid expansion of residential areas in Palembang City through swamp land reclamation without the application of eco-drainage principles has increased the occurrence of local flooding by reducing natural infiltration capacity. This condition has significantly affected the Sukawinatan Permai Indah Residential Area, where inundation and drainage overflow frequently occur during heavy rainfall. This study evaluates the hydraulic performance of the existing drainage network in conveying the design storm runoff within the residential area. A quantitative approach was adopted using annual maximum daily rainfall data for the period 2013–2022 obtained from the Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG). Design rainfall was estimated using the Log Pearson Type III distribution, while peak runoff discharge was calculated using the Rational Method. The analysis produced a 10-year return period rainfall of 173.76 mm. Hydraulic evaluation revealed that the existing drainage system is incapable of conveying the design runoff because of inadequate channel dimensions, structural deterioration, and significant sediment deposition. The average runoff discharge along the drainage reaches was 0.0037 m³/s, the maximum discharge reached 0.0327 m³/s, and the cumulative discharge at the outlet was 2.5536 m³/s. These findings indicate that the existing drainage network requires substantial improvement. Accordingly, the drainage system should be redesigned and reconstructed based on hydraulic design standards while incorporating eco-drainage principles to enhance runoff management. In addition, regular inspection and maintenance are essential to ensure the long-term effectiveness and sustainability of the drainage system in mitigating urban flooding.
Analisis Kondisi Kerusakan dan Prioritas Penanganan Jalan Menggunakan PKRMS dengan Pendekatan Surface Distress Index dan Road Condition Index (Studi Kasus: Ruas Jalan Malimbu-Pengempus Sari, Kabupaten Lombok Utara)
Roads are a vital land transportation infrastructure that supports community mobility and regional economic development. However, as the service life of a pavement increases, its condition gradually deteriorates due to repeated traffic loading and environmental factors. If not properly managed, pavement deterioration may reduce the level of road service, increase the risk of traffic accidents, and raise vehicle operating costs. Therefore, periodic pavement condition evaluation is essential to identify the extent of deterioration and to determine appropriate maintenance priorities. This study aims to assess pavement conditions using the Provincial/Kabupaten Road Management System (PKRMS) through the Surface Distress Index (SDI) method, evaluate the functional condition of the road using the Road Condition Index (RCI) method, and determine maintenance priorities for the Malimbu–Pengempus Sari Road in North Lombok Regency. A visual pavement survey was conducted on 51 road segments, and the collected data were processed using the PKRMS application to obtain SDI and RCI values as well as maintenance recommendations. The SDI analysis indicated that 17 segments (33.33%) required routine maintenance, 21 segments (41.18%) required periodic maintenance, and 13 segments (25.49%) required reconstruction. The highest SDI value of 265 was identified at STA 1+600–1+700, STA 2+300–2+400, STA 2+500–3+400, STA 4+000–4+200, and STA 4+400–4+600, where the predominant pavement distresses consisted of potholes and surface deformation. Meanwhile, the RCI values ranged from 4.00 to 6.00, indicating that the functional condition of the road varied from fair to good. The integration of SDI and RCI through the PKRMS application produced maintenance priorities dominated by periodic maintenance, followed by routine maintenance and reconstruction, according to the condition of each road segment. The findings demonstrate that integrating SDI and RCI within the PKRMS framework provides a more objective and comprehensive basis for determining road maintenance priorities by considering both the structural and functional conditions of the pavement.
Analisis Kapasitas Sungai terhadap Pengendalian Debit Banjir (Studi Kasus Sungai Kendal)
Kendal Regency is located on the north coast of Java and is administratively divided into 20 districts, 265 villages, and 20 urban villages. The topography of Kendal Regency varies significantly, ranging from lowlands in the north to hilly terrain in the south. High annual sedimentation in the river channel—caused by soil erosion in the upstream areas of the Kendal watershed—can reduce the river's capacity to accommodate flood discharge. This study aims to determine the design flood discharge for the Kendal River, analyze the river's cross-sectional capacity to handle this discharge using HEC-RAS modeling, evaluate the existing capacity, and identify necessary improvements such as river normalization or levee raising. The methodology involved hydrological analysis to determine flood discharge for specific return periods and hydraulic analysis to evaluate both existing and proposed river cross-sections. The calculated design flood discharges for the Kendal River—using the Rational Method for return periods of 2, 5, 10, and 20 years—were 149.766 m³/s, 198.220 m³/s, 229.055 m³/s, and 255.484 m³/s, respectively. HEC-RAS hydraulic modeling results indicate that the existing Kendal River cross-section is incapable of accommodating the design flood discharge for these return periods; specifically, the analysis shows that the current capacity is insufficient to manage the Q20 flood event. Consequently, river normalization is recommended; a proposed normalization alternative featuring a trapezoidal cross-section—with a base width of approximately 10 meters, a top width of approximately 20 meters, and a depth of approximately 6 meters—demonstrated increased capacity in HEC-RAS simulations.
Daya Dukung Fondasi Dangkal dan Dalam Gudang Air Minum dalam Kemasan (AMDK) Kota Malang
Foundation design plays a crucial role in ensuring structural stability and safety, particularly for industrial buildings constructed on cohesive soils. Soil characteristics significantly influence the selection of foundation types and their bearing capacities; therefore, an evaluation of both shallow and deep foundations under the same soil conditions is required. This study aims to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations using Standard Penetration Test (SPT) data, evaluate the bearing capacity of deep foundations based on Cone Penetration Test (CPT) data, and analyze the effect of foundation dimension variations for the planned Bottled Drinking Water (AMDK) warehouse in Malang City. The study employed a quantitative descriptive approach using secondary data obtained from geotechnical investigations and laboratory testing. The bearing capacity of shallow foundations was analyzed using the Terzaghi method, while the bearing capacity of deep foundations was calculated using an empirical approach based on CPT data. The results indicate that the bearing capacity of shallow foundations at a depth of 5 m ranges from 15.1 to 32.1 t/m² for strip foundations, 19.1 to 37.0 t/m² for circular foundations, and 19.1 to 37.4 t/m² for square foundations. Meanwhile, the bearing capacity of deep foundations at a depth of 10 m ranges from 399.07 to 1,617.29 tons, depending on the pile diameter used. The findings demonstrate that the Terzaghi method remains a relevant preliminary approach for evaluating foundation bearing capacity in relatively homogeneous cohesive soils. These results may serve as an initial reference for selecting alternative foundation systems; however, further verification is still required during the detailed planning and design stages.